Нестандартні методи вирішення житлової проблеми 1920-х рр. (на матеріалах Донбасу)

Abstract

The article is devoted to study of the house crisis in 1920-s on base of material local presses and archive documents. The existed level of availability of rooms and quality of living conditions did not satisfy the demands of the inhabitants.It is determined that republican housing problem on the territory of Donbas was aggravated by urbanization processes and acquired the scale of the crisis. This fact had the extremely negative impact on economic and sociocultural situation of urban population of the region. The author highlights various forms of the fight with house problem, such as standard and secret forms. Standard methods for the expansion of the accommodation were department, private and cooperative construction. The first place among developers in the Donetsk region was occupied by public authorities. In second place was private housing construction. There were other methods that artificially improved statistics: the redistribution of rooms in favor of workers and employees; the dismissal of those workers who have family; the construction of barracks and hostels instead of the usual housing; the rapid expansion of departmental housing stock through housing light type (wooden houses). From the list unconventional practices the ideologically correct was considered eviction of «unearned elements». However procedure of eviction in the Donetsk region did not took place in large comfortable cities because such definition didn’t corresponded to even the district centers, but it took place in factory settlements. Accordingly, workers had moved not in a luxury apartment, but in a modest habitation.