CAUSES AND MECHANISM OF ROCK BREAKING

Abstract

It has been demonstrated that rock is a classic auxetics in which elastic parameters change their value and sign in the process of mechanical loading. Characteristic deformations, in terms of which elastic characteristics change their value, are quantified and constant for all the materials. It has been shown that deformation increment is with alternating signs that highlights wave nature of the deformation. During deformation, four characteristic stages have been singled out that’s is peculiar for all the rocks irrespective of the type of stress state and value of extensive pressure. Sign of breaking is represented by resonant increase in the amplitude of increment of linear and shearing deformations at stage three due to double vortex-wave resonance in terms of velocity, structural dimensions, and frequency. While comparing as for the values of shearing modulus and volumetric compression (velocity of proper oscillation of rock particles and sound velocity within the medium), shock wave and dynamic breaking take place. If there is no velocity resonance, then “slow” flow is observed.